Which option correctly describes the role of downwelling in ocean dynamics?

Downwelling refers to the process where surface water moves downward into the depths of the ocean. This phenomenon typically occurs in areas where surface waters converge, leading to a decrease in water level and an increase in pressure. Downwelling plays a critical role in the ocean's circulation and is important for the distribution of nutrients, gases, and heat within the ocean.

When surface water sinks, it can draw oxygen-rich water from the surface down to deeper layers, which is essential for marine life found at various depths. This process also contributes to the movement of heat and can help regulate ocean temperatures. However, the most direct aspect of downwelling is its function in moving surface water to deeper layers, thereby contributing to the overall dynamics and health of ocean systems. This process is vital for maintaining ecological balance and supporting various marine organisms that thrive in different oceanic zones.