Which of the following processes involves water movement through a selectively permeable membrane?

The process that involves water movement through a selectively permeable membrane is osmosis. Osmosis is a specific type of passive transport, focusing on the movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, through a membrane that only allows certain molecules to pass. This selective permeability ensures that only water can move freely, while solutes cannot pass through the membrane as easily, thereby balancing concentrations on both sides.

This process is crucial in biological systems, as it helps maintain the proper hydration levels of cells, regulating their internal environments. Unlike other processes such as diffusion, which involves the movement of solutes and does not necessarily require a membrane, osmosis is specifically concerned with water and its movement across a barrier that selectively allows the passage of water but restricts solute movement.