Which formula represents gravitational force?

The formula that represents gravitational force is the one that involves the universal gravitational constant, the masses of the two objects, and the square of the distance between them. Gravitational force describes the attraction between any two masses in the universe based on their mass and the distance separating them.

The correct formula, F = G m1 m2 / d^2, illustrates that the gravitational force (F) is directly proportional to the product of the two masses (m1 and m2) and inversely proportional to the square of the distance (d) separating their centers. Here, G represents the gravitational constant, which provides the scale for this force in the International System of Units.

This relationship captures the fundamental nature of gravity, which is that larger masses exert a stronger gravitational pull, and as distance increases, the force diminishes rapidly due to the inverse square nature of the equation. This means that if you double the distance, the gravitational force decreases by a factor of four, a key aspect of gravitational interactions in physics.