What process is characterized by the loss of electrons?

The process characterized by the loss of electrons is oxidation. During oxidation, an atom, ion, or molecule loses electrons, which can lead to an increase in its oxidation state. This is a fundamental concept in chemistry, particularly in redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions, where oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously.

In redox reactions, oxidation is always paired with reduction; while one species loses electrons, another gains them. Understanding this concept is essential for grasping various chemical processes, including combustion, respiration, and corrosion. In contrast, reduction refers to the gain of electrons, and while photosynthesis involves complex electron transfer processes, it is not defined as the loss of electrons. Electrolysis is a process that involves the use of electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction, typically leading to the decomposition of compounds but does not inherently define loss of electrons in the same way oxidation does.