What is microevolution?

Microevolution refers to the small-scale changes in allele frequencies within a population over successive generations. This process is a fundamental aspect of the theory of evolution and is driven by mechanisms such as natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow. When the frequencies of alleles—the different versions of a gene—shift within a population, it can lead to adaptations that enhance the survival and reproduction of individuals in that specific environment.

Understanding microevolution is crucial as it provides insight into how populations adapt to their surroundings and how genetic diversity can affect the overall fitness of a population. This can manifest in various traits, such as resistance to disease or adaptability to changing food sources, which are essential for the long-term survival of the species. The scale and duration of microevolution typically occur over relatively short geologic time frames compared to macroevolution, which involves the larger evolutionary changes that result in the emergence of new species.